Bovine Theileriosis have been producing in Iran nearly four decades. While Bovine Theileriosis vaccine administration is now very crucial for disease control, therefore it is important to improve the quantity and quality of the vaccine for providing the national and export markets. The growth ofTheileria annulata infected cell line S15 vaccine strain in Stoker cell culture medium including 10% adult bovine serum in wolf simple cell culture vessel, Biomixer and in "Labfors" fully controlled aerobic bioreactor fed-batch system has revealed the efficient growth of T. annulata infected cell line in all employed vessels. The obtained results determined the 250% cell growth in "Wolf" vessel, 180% in Labfors aerobic bioreactor and finally 200% for Biomixer vessel. The results for quality control of produced vaccine in proposed technique have shown the good quality of the prepared bovine Theileriosis vaccine in aerobic bioreactor system.In conclusion, according to the achieved findings, the production of bovine Theileriosis vaccine in aerobic bioreactor system might be used for high production and less manipulation of production processes as well as saving labor in order to mechanizing the production and better controlling the process of manufacturing.

A structured unsegregated cybernetic model is able to describe diauxic growth phenomena of cells colony in aerobic condition. This model shows that the metabolic activity of the cells is regulated by internal cellular controls which direct the micro-organism towards the most convenient metabolic pathway able to optimize the use of available resources. In this paper, for proving this reality, a structured unsegregated cybernetic model have been used for describing of the growth stages of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on mixed substrates. The results of simulation of baker’s yeast in batch and fed-batch bioreactor show that agreements are quite satisfactory between experimental data and simulation results. And it well performs in the simulation of the lag-phases and the diauxic growth. Finally, for preventing of oxygen starvation that causes ethanol production, oxygen mass transfer coefficient is simulated on the function of impeller speed and air flow rate and the effect of this parameter on biomass yield have been discussed.

Background and Objectives: Propionibacterium is capable of producing important industrial products such as propionic acid, vitamin B12 and bacteriocin. They have also probiotic benefits and growth factors for the intestinal useful bacteria. The goal of this research was evaluation of the influence of process variables on vitamin B12 production in fed-batch fermentation of a dairy beverage containing propionic acid by Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii.Materials and Methods: Fermentation was conducted in a 3-L fermentor containing base medium and molasses as the carbon source to which the feeding was added after 36 hours. Sampling was done for biomass and vitamin measurements in 24 h intervals. The content of dry biomass and vitamin B12 was measured by freeze drying method and HPLC, respectively.Results: Statistical analysis of the results showed that all process variables had significant effect on the response of the system (P<0.05). The final concentration of vitamin B12 (30 mg/L) and productivity (7.5 mg/L.h) was obtained from Treatment 9 while the condition of this treatment was the best. In this research, inocula and their volume as well as feeding had no significant impact on the productivity of vitamin B12 fermentation (P>0.05). Type of nitrogen source and feeding strategy were the most significant factors in this research, so using corn steep liquor and lactose significantly increased vitamin B12 production.Conclusion: The best conditions for vitamin B12 production include: 30oC, pH=6.5, 25 g/L molasses, 10 g/L corn steep liquor instead of yeast extract, 96 h fermentation, using Propionibacterium freudenreichii with 5% v/v, and continuous feeding of lactose by 0.04 L/h rate. The results showed that the highest level of vitamin B12 was at concentration of 30 mg/L, production yield of 14.48 mg/g, and productivity of 7.5 mg/L.day.

This paper presents a comparison between batch and three different sets of fed batch fermentations for rhamnolipid production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The batch run was performed with 500 ml of culture medium having the initial glycerol and sodium nitrate concentrations of 30 and 8.3 g/l, respectively. For a fed batch run with nitrogen source in feed, 250 ml of the nitrogen excluded culture medium was in the bioreactor initially, and 250 ml culture medium containing 16.6 g/l sodium nitrate was fed to the bioreactor continuously.A similar procedure was repeated for fed batch runs with carbon, and phosphorus source in feed. Statistical analysis showed that fed batch runs were better than batch in term of rhamnolipid production, and among the fed batch runs the maximum amount of rhamnolipid.(4.12 g Rhamnose Equivalent/l) was for the fed batch run with the carbon source in feed.

Production of fermented functional foods containing micronutrients is required for their health beneficial properties. Impact of 11 process variables on vitamin B12 production in a dairy beverage containing propionic acid was investigated. Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii was applied in a 3-l fermentor in fed-batch fermentation system. The most suitable conditions for vitamin B12 production were achieved by 5% v/v inoculum size containing Propionibacterium freudenreichii (without Lactobacillus acidophilus) and continuous feeding of lactose with the rate of 0. 04 l/h at 36° C in a medium containing 25 g/l molasses, 10 g/l corn steep liquor, at pH=6. 5, after 96 h fermentation. Maximum vitamin concentration (30 mg/l) and productivity (7. 5 mg/l. day) were obtained in trial 9. Organoleptic properties of the fermented beverage were also acceptable for panelists and no significant difference was observed between samples and control during 6 days refrigerated storage.

Background and objective: Propionibacteria are capable of producing many important industrial products such as propionic acid, vitamin B12 and bacteriocins. Also these bacteria show some probiotic health benefits and produce prebiotics as stimulator of intestinal bacteria. The aim of this research is evaluation of pH control on production of biomass propionic, acetic and lactic acids in fed-batch system, with feeding of molasses and lactose as carbon sources of co-fermentation of Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii and Lactobacillus acidophilus.Materials and methods: Fermentation was conducted in a 3-liter fermentor containing base medium and molasses as the carbon source in which lactose was fed after 36th hat temperature at 30oC. Total fermentation time was 96 hand sampling was done in every 24 h intervals to measure the biomass and organic acids. Two treatments were compared to each other: in one trial, pH was maintained at 6.5 by using NaOH 1N, but in another, during fermentation pH was not controlled. Content of biomass and organic acid were measured by freeze drying and HPLC methods, respectively.Results: The final concentration of the dependent variables for the two treatments with and without pH control obtained as following (g/L): biomass 1.97±0.07 and 1.72±0.07, propionic acid, 4.87±0.13 and 4.16±0.04, acetic acid 4.87±0.13 and 4.16±0.04 and lactic acid 7.93±0.06 and 6.10±0.09.Conclusion: In this study it was shown that production of mentioned organic acids was not affected significantly by adding NaOH for control of pH in medium.

Hyaluronic acid (HA), as a high-value-added biological product, is one of the most widely used biopolymers in industry and medicine. This study aimed to increase HA production by carefully investigating the effect of glucose concentration, type and concentration of nitrogen source in batch culture, and control of glucose concentration in fed-Batch culture on HA production. The effect of two different nitrogen sources of hydrolyzed casein and tryptone soy broth on HA production was investigated in batch cultures of Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Then, the effect of glucose concentration on HA production was studied in batch and fed-batch cultures. Under optimal conditions, including hydrolyzed casein 20 g/L and an initial glucose concentration of 30 g/L in batch culture, 4. 4 g/L HA was obtained. Also, constant feeding of 30 g/L of glucose increased HA production to 5. 8 g/L. This amount is one of the highest HA production values ever reported in fed-batch cultures at a constant feeding rate. Weakening of the glycolytic cycle and slowing down the cell growth rate affect the increase of HA production. Also, controlling the concentration of glucose as a source of energy and carbon in the cells by the fed-batch culture can be directed the cell pathway to more hyaluronic acid production and higher yield.

Modeling of fermentation processes is so complicated and uncertain; therefore it is necessary to provide a robust and appropriate dynamic optimization method. In order to obtain the maximum amount of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), the bioreactor must be operated under optimal conditions. To determine substrate feeding in a fed-batch bioreactor, a simulated annealing (SA) approach was examined. The optimal glucose feed rate profiles were computed by a stochastic and deterministic problems for various initial conditions to investigate their effects on optimal operation of the fed-batch bioreactor. Results declared a proper capability of SA method for determination of optimal feeding policies in fermentation processes. The major advantage of the simulated annealing is its capability for handling the problems with model mismatches. Finally, an open loop sensitivity analysis of SA optimization method was tested by a mathematical model to note the effect of some key variables in the subsequent optimization study on the fermenter. Findings show slight difference between trends, thus the SA algorithm is an efficient, robust and satisfactory acceptable.